| 荧尘 |
2006-07-28 16:17 |
2006年4月新东方听课笔记:剑桥商务英语中级(BEC2) 资源共享
BEC2 Listening听课笔记整理 第1堂课 一、介绍: 1.时间:长40分钟(实际30分钟做题,10分钟将答案抄到答题卡上), 2.播放speed:150-160字/分钟 3.Accent:以英音为主,以美音、加拿大音,澳大利亚音等为辅(建议多听美音、英音磁带)
二、常考的话题: 1.Daily routines(background topic): appointment/meeting(见面) conference client entertaining 2.Business travels (international flight): expenses claim ordering tickets hotel 3.New premises:(relocation公司发展壮大再到外地、国发展的活动) 4.Business transaction (国际上的商务交易、谈判) 5.Right at work(about human resources/personal problems): health & insurance & welfare 6.Staff appraisal(员工评估) 7.Environmental problems(环保) 8.P.R(public relations) 9.Advertising &Marketing(广告、销售) 10.Banking affairs(银行的事务,如输入密码等,较为简单)
三、听力想取得高分的重点: 1.General listening skills 2.Professional words & expressions(常见Part One) 1)①pronunciation changes 重点liaison 连读,要求朗读速度与磁带一样快(前提是第1单词辅音字母结尾,第2个单词元音字母开头) lost of sounds失音(前提是第1单词以辅音字母结尾,第2个单词以辅音字母开头,仅指以下8个辅音),[t]和[d];[k]和[g],[p]和,[s]和[v] contraction 缩读,如wanna=want to ;gonna=going to ②short memory (短期记忆力)note-taking ③speaking capability example: Is it too late to fix up a chat with them today? I have no interest at all in course. 2)intonation: catch the key words(英语中,v;n;adv读得比较重) 3)常用于telex: abbreviation example: 约定俗成:①L/C信用证,Str.街道 Rd.路 Sq. Inv.(发票) Dep.部门,等 ②Jan;Dep.;Inv等对英语长单词,取前3个字母 ③短语,习语,有2个以上的单词,取首字母,如ASAP=as soon as possible 尽快;AF=as follow如下所说;C/O=care of 烦请某人转交 ④多字母单词,在速记时可记辅音(因元音变化多端,辅音可代音节)或辅音字母,但首字母为元音时必须记录.如receive=rsv; simple=smpl 3.Incorporate listening & speaking Home work :listen BBC
第2堂课 四、电话接听用语熟悉: Part 1包括3段 telephone/ message/ message pad(备忘纸) 常见考点:name(address/telephone )/time/date/special signs &units/people’s name/basic business words/place name(一些城市名称,以欧洲国家为主的城名,如英联邦国家、澳大利亚等及北欧、瑞典、丹麦等) Example :caller’s name / people wanted on the phone/telephone number 两种形式:见listening 专用教材P5(sample 1常考) 考试技巧:利用放磁带前15秒迅速阅题,并在心中大声读题目,以便考试中快速找到答案。 Words :fare 路费、交通费/ring sb on 后十有八九会跟电话号码/expiry date 票过期时间 一)Time (rail-way station ): 专用教材P6 1.考试时写时间:必须加A.M.或P.M. 2.商务时间顺着读: Example :12:00 at twelve o’clock sharp 16:00 fourteen hundred hours 3.十几和几十重音差别: Example :15 Fifteen重音在中间 50 fifty重音在前面 Platform站台 leave from platform从哪个站台出发arrive at platform到达站台with to announce that现在通知 change at 换乘 二)、Date : 1.日期写全称,首字母大写,填卷时千万不要写阿拉伯数字(速记的时候用阿拉伯数字快些) 月份:January February March April May June July August September October November December 第几:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 星期:Monday Tuesday Wednesday Tuesday Friday Saturday Sunday lunar calendar 农历 fall on 指向 be celebrated on 被署名 2.订票和商务约会中月份、日期、星期必须全部写下来 3.快速记载:数字用阿拉伯数字写,星期用大写区分 第4 fourth 第40 fortieth 三)、special signs :专业教材P7 1.特别符号: sterling英磅 ×by cm centimeter 平方米=square meters /meter square/meters dm 德国马克 millimeter毫米 % percent work out at一共多少钱 annum year inch 英寸 bn billion / stroke(Bre )slash (Ame ) R capital r community 小区 1/4 quarter , comma 。full stop (Bre )/period (Ame ) 单位宿舍楼B-3中的- hyphen * star 破折号 dash “”quotation mark ?question mark A under line ____under score Ave 大道 Str街 Sq 广场 Rd 路 行政区borough(AME ) district (china ) province 省 city 城市 cubic meters 立方米 电脑键盘/forward slash \backward slash 2.商务英语中每3个数停一下(当重码、数字不太长时,2个一停) Example : 346,900 简346 nine hundred /34 69 00 3399000 简33 99 thousand 333,945 简 triple three 945/three double three 945 四)、飞机:专业教材P7 Check-in/counter →security→customs→immigration office(移民办公室)→quarantine 检疫区→waiting room (候机室)→boarding gate (登机门) 现在请往某某地方去please forward to /proceed to 五)、long figures :专业教材P8 1,226,554,007 billion million thousand Census 人口普查 1,056 one thousand fifty six 六)、people’s name :专业教材P8 Home work :进行数字、日期、星期、月份的训练 补充讲义中P28听力部分 P30背
第3、4堂课 五、听力Part One 部分,利用电话接听方式考试形式较多,内容如下 听力专用教材P8-9 Type of business、People’s name On …..side 听力常见,口试中可解释属于哪个行业 一)见面Making appointment/meeting 专用材料P30 P50 P80 P35 P40 P44 Example : 专用材料P13 程序:Available(Are you available tonight?)→invitation(I wonder if you have dinner tomorrow that would fine)→time/place(please catch the key words) Key words: make would I can’t make it. Would you like that? Should we make that? 二)Ordering电话(订票、订货、培训)专用材料P13 P39 Example : 专用材料P13 Ordering tickets/goods services/training course Travel agency(旅行社订票点) Booking agency(航空公司订票点) Ordering goods:程序 inquiry→offer→counter offer→agreement/acceptance Price model after sales payment delivery Order form acknowledgement 补充的美国重点城市名: Boston波士顿 New York Chicago芝加哥 Philly费城 San Francisco旧金山 Seattle西雅图 Detroit底特律 Los angels洛杉机 Washington华盛顿 Atlanta亚特兰大 Example : 专用材料P14 P36 以pack为unit的均为扁扁平平的东西(纸、磁盘) 三)Expenses claim(报销)专用材料P11 P12 Example : 专用材料P11 1.Full details: 1)Date 2)Place 3) Purpose(reason) 2. Accommodation:1)Hotel name(spell) 2)Time of staying 3)Charge(number + unit) 3. Business Travel 1) Transportation tool (坐飞机常用说法plane flight fly by air) 2) Type of tickets(飞机等级 一等舱first class 二等舱business class 三等舱economy class) 3) Expenses 4. Client entertaining: meal (dinner) theatre sport event drink 1) Ways of treating 2) Client’s name 3) Expenses 5. Others 1)Inner city transport /commuting (市内交通) 出租车cab(美)taxi(英) 地铁subway(美)underground(英)metro(法) 无轨电车trolley bus 轻轨light rail 轮渡ferry/ship 乘自行车by bicycle 步行on foot 坐公汽by bus 回扣提成commission 2) Expenses Make payment付钱 recruitment 招聘 穿透发音:前1单词以辅音结尾,后1单词以”H”开头,则”H”不发音. 补充材料P7-8练习听力原文,用疑问句比肯定句礼貌;情态动词过去式提问会更礼貌(如COULD YOU?);用从句 四)Schedule (日程安排,或至电秘书询问日程安排),diary工作日志 P15 P16 P17 P18 P40 专业教材P10单词 P15 航空领域:put sb on the waiting list备用名单 Meeting with+公司名称、部门名称 五)Renting an office(租写字楼)P36 P52 1. Rent an office : 专业的称呼:office写字楼 plaza购物、商务中心 square广场,什么都没有 2.租门面(rent an shop/outlet) 1) Location: ①commerce area商务区 high street/downtown area市中心 ②suburb area近郊 ③countryside郊区 行政区District(中)borough(美) 省province(中)state(美)county(英) 大道Avenue /Ave. 街street /Str.(英国街称lane) 路Road/Rd. 2) Rate: ① Lease: length of lease ② Facilities: floor楼层 facing (facing south)朝向 finished精装修 furnished带家具 unfurnished不带家具 partition隔段 lift/elevator电梯 escalator手扶电梯(商场用) stand by generator备用电梯 living accommodation住宿条件 ③area :Bus station/routes ④Car park(英)/Parking lot(美) It can hold fife hundred cars. Underground parking/roof parking/surface parking Example : 专用材料P14 Fit in one’s plan正好与某人计划相符 letting出租 letting/real-estate agency房地产 available通常指time cheque for支票后+for后填钱数 Example : 专用材料P36 Commercial premises商用房屋 六)Complaint(投诉)&Explaining problems(例如原因为:送货迟了)P44 P52 七)Banking (基本存钱、取钱、转账)P14 P36 P42 P51 P48 专用材料P10 行业内称check the password的过程go through the security PLC\Inc incorporation enterprise(美)上市公司 Co.Ltd有限责任公司 Co.普通公司 Home work :1)补充讲义P29-30专业词汇 2)听力专用材料P9 Common business words 3)听力专用材料P9 Type of business 4)同类词归类,即将不同行业商业单词抄写于一张纸上,便于记忆 5)听磁带念原文,要求速度与磁带一样。 6)补充材料P28 professional words
第5堂课 PART TWO 选择题 共10个 一、第二部分结构及应试技巧:分2个部分。判断其职业及所讲的内容。抓语调,常考相关商业知识熟悉情况 三大难点:1)语速略快于PART 1 2)8选5的选择题,有干扰项 3)Business professional knowledge 更多。 听力专业资料P19 Type of questions. 分五种类型应对技巧: 1)1,3,4,5一样,try to catch the key words. 2) 其他的是语言的功能欠缺,考的是交际性、实用性及功能性。 Sentence patterns listening efficiency(听力效率) 二、分析听力专业资料P19 Samples 一) a filing cabinet Document file paper size(height weight width depth) 每一层的文件柜each layer(专用词shelf) drawer抽屉 二)van Goods speed accelerate(加速) accelerator(加速器) load/heavy load(重型) speed up oil/leak(漏油) brake(刹车) carry(装) tons(吨) 三) television set Size picture sound channel(频道) remote controller(摇控器) antenna(天线) cable(有线) performance(性能\成绩) stable performance/quality(性能稳定) program(节目) 四)refrigerator Food fresh temperature Freon/gas(氟利昂) greenhouse effect(温室效应) noise(噪音) 五)interview 看专业阅读材料P11 人事管理 Resume 六)an expense claim同第一部分报销单词 三、专业听力材料P20 SAMPLE2第2种背诵原文可提高口语第三部分成绩 感谢的说法: That’s very kind of you. Appreciate I’m grateful 两人相互提问回答时可用:Well, you got the point I could not very more. That’s the point I am looking at . 专业听力材料P91appendlx & P94 四、听力考试中出现干扰项时必须予以区分,以下为几种例子(专业听力材料P20) 1)行程安排:动态安排,包括来人吃饭住宿 工作日志:静态安排,仅指星期几或几号有什么事 2)passport:包括国籍、年龄、性别 application from: 区别在于护照有期限(expire)而申请表无此项 3)contract & invoice:区别在于发票有价格、数量、质量,如是销售合同则有model 型号 4)change an arrangement:包括时间和道歉 confirm an arrangement:则无 专业听力材料P21 SAMPLE5是买东西时要考虑的内容。 专业听力材料P22 EXERCISE1 中的SECTION ONE(原文在补充材料P16) 五、Off 1) Help拒绝别人的帮助 2) Quotation 报价 3) Job offer 职业条件 六、Ask for permission Comment: I think it’s……. It’s all right Thank you. 有一种offer相当于inform通知 七、快餐 Burger 汉堡包 sandwich三明治 hotdog热狗 lunch box饭盒 pizza meal French fries薯条 chicken wings鸡翅(肯德鸡里鸡翅filet) cindy /sandail新地 圣代 Pie ice-cream soup/starter汤 entrée(main course) 主食 vegetable蔬菜 salad沙拉dressing 调味料 dessert甜食 drinks饮料 coca cola可口可乐 soda drink 碳酸饮料 sweet甜 start ness酸 bitter苦 peppery辣 tough老(也可指老板难对付) fishy腥 tender嫩 heavy oil腻 steak牛扒 well-down熟 medium are八成熟 raw生 Home work :听磁带KEY WORDS,不做题
第6堂课 Home work :五一预习email; 人民邮政《BEC真题》 听力口语-----主题式VOA、灾难、军事、政治、 听力《step by step》四册,老版本到第三册。 利用题前15秒在心中大声默念题干中心句 听力专业材料P22 下半部分 F\B\E about traffic light: I go with the traffic light一路绿灯 the traffic light don’t go with us一路红灯 traffic jam rush hour 高峰期 C about factory Machine facilities equipment workshop line parts storehouse warehouse efficient modern现代化 D about hotel Service staff attention(服务尽心) bed(sleep) quiet convenience food G about 信息有用于否 Useful helpful informative H 关于对城市的印象 Weather people price transportation(口试中不能只用YES OR NO 必须说一个理由) scenery
专业听力材料P23 section one A about after sales service Free包 Free repair/exchange refund/money-back包退 receipt发票 discount圣诞节前 $60 打八折20% $48 guarantee / warranty保修期 free delivery保送货上门 on-site maintenance上门维修 B about environment CFC gas氟利昂 gas water ozone layer臭氧层 green-house effect Harmful/ do harm to Air pollution E 性能 quality reliable stable good excellent D price考同义词 cheap discount bargain big sell good-buy一笔好买卖 很划算steal grate/big deal E reliability quality cheap back to shop返修率 F reputation Brand日用品 make电器品牌 famous fame(good fame) well known G style eye catchy抢眼 attractive looks good excited say something about me attention H user-friendliness 用户友好 傻瓜型 easy hard difficult handle use confusing
补充材料P17 section two Stuff appraisal /evaluation ~training probation time(trial period) development assessment发展空间评估 ~performance业绩 imp0rove your current performance ~review past performance ~提升 promotion assessment ~review the salary提升工资 ~set performance yospects Abuse the system 违反规定 ~positive negative hard work careless mistake minor problems successful ~miracle repeat challenge impossible ~sheering project ~study learn course skills technic subsidize补贴学费 raise apply for
专业听力材料P24 Section One delay 1) your fault 2) other’s fault do anyway Section Two A business class section: relation telephone call red eye便宜航班 B comfortable seating: leg room lie back躺 space stretch伸展四肢 D in-flight entertainment: comedy laugh scream ridiculous E in-flight food and drink: fast food catering G on-board duty-free sales: tax duty terrify price H scheduled flights: charter flight包机 scheduled flights---time table fragments 班次更多 fit in one’s plan flex able choice select
专业听力材料P25 A failure to meet targets: finish complete difficult impossible B personal use of company property: paper printing paper phone fax photo copy C poor time keeping(延迟): late on time deadline keep up the workboat E refusal to commute: get to work far near hours long time work home F refusal to work overtime: work late work overtime arrive home late G repeated absence from work: cover for you(遮掩) take over one’s work away leave ill H sexual harassment:
上次听到38分钟听力录音
Long message 有background的同学一般不听既可猜对一半,听力差的同学,看相关中文书帮助快
特点: 1)speed 快,但不是难的重点 2)professional最难 3)length长度,非常长≥3分多钟
解题技巧: 1)3选1,选中率高达30% 2)3个选择项中,至少其中一个荒谬的,可排除 3)考试内容客观性比较大,直接在原文中找答案,不需拐弯 4)每1个题目之间没有关联性,分布均匀,前1题没听懂,不影响后面的做题
题型:8道题,前4题简单,第5题稍转弯,7题8题需分析 1)dialogue:多半会有1个男士和1个女士 2)interview:采访者每问一个问题,均是一道题,以此判断做到哪道题 3)presentation:口语presentation格式及关联词对做此题非常重要(presentation结尾,通常是讨论一种新方法的推广,结尾通常用enthusiastic)
专业听力材料P27 P28 1)考同义词:重读 担忧 unease concern 重要important vital core 专业听力材料P33 exercise 5 negotiation 买东西一般程序: 1) inquiry 2) quotation offer 3)counter offer: ①enjoy discount(at large back): I can let you have 20% discount we can only offer you 15% discount ②time of payment: L/C settlement: bill settle ③warranty保修期 :extend延长 ④delivery :early urgent emergency(往往在当天发货) 4) acceptance
买东西:We’re interested in purchasing ……provided that we could make a satiable agreement. 询价:Can you give me a minimum price per…… 报价:Normally our price in clued delivery works out at (一共多少钱)…… 打折:But we can let you have…… 还价:We’re hoping for a discount of 协商: 卖方:I’m afraid that’s got going to be possible . I’ll be in trouble with(my supervision)…… 买方:Is there any further discount for early settlement? Would ……be acceptable for you? 卖方:1)I just can’t do anything else extending that…… 2)It seems not going to be possible….. 3)We’ll give your order highest priority….. 4)Use up all our profit(无利润空间),make an exception for you 5)If you decide now and let me have…… We’ll give your order highest priority我们将给予您高度重视 口语专业材料P30-34 interview1)口读题干2)跟着提问者走3)省清题干 P&R与press radio official marketing customer 补充材料P23-26
《step by step》练听力可用 BEC2 Reading听课笔记整理 第1课: 一、介绍: 1.避免误区:BEC阅读与商务英语无关,与商务英语词汇无关,限时性练习非常重要。 2.阅读材料上部分资料已过期,PART1:1)中心句2)句子填回题3)回答问题(已作废)4)完形填空(价值非常大)5)保留SECTION A,语法题,多一个词,去掉即正确。 3.BEC应对阅读:速度与技巧相辅相成;分题型讲解;需很强的同义语感知能力(做题补) 4.如何获得技巧? 1)BEC阅读的科学理论(目的式阅读),相关理论:生理机能理论(词宽、聚焦式阅读) 聚焦式阅读:忽略介语、语法词、修饰词、情态动词,读前半句发现后面对做题无意义,跳过,将精力放在更重要的地方。 2)无声理论(坏习惯:指读、喃读、回读,会影响速度) 3)科学阅读理论:Scanning扫读 扫读步骤:确定题干关键词/短语;在文音中找到关键词出现的位置(以同义词/词形式出现) 4)扫读、寻读、定位阅读 ①key words一般为:大写、数字、专业术语、专有名词 ②skimming:在BEC中运用有限,对PART1有用,PART2部分有用,其他部分无用。标题阅读是跳读的一种。 竖式阅读:为了发现全文的行文顺序和分类方法的竖式阅读。 ③preview中心句阅读,通过阅读每段中心句或词。 ④intensive reading细读分析句型:层次两种,发现句内结构(长句分析语法结构);分析题干句与文中句的关系 二、详解 一)Part 1,配队题 程序:1.浏览1-7发现关键词(意义重心即主干的词),有的同学习惯用title reading 1)谓宾结构2)谓语中心语(长术语)3)比较级类的修饰语 2.断句:对比句中主干和题干句主干,然后定位。 3.分析定位后的句子与题干的区别关系,然后确定答案。 谨记:不要跳着做题。要先慢后快,找到真正证据,同义词与同义词的对应关系。 二)分析长句结构步骤:适合Part 2/5 1.谓语中心发现;2.确认主干(主语中心语+谓语中心语+宾语中心语)3.修饰语分析,性质分析(定语修饰名词,状语修饰动词、形容词)
Homework :后20个长难句的分析;BEC阅读上的1-5套Part 1
第2课: 一、解析:长难句分析的2张卷子 1、house v. 为某人提供住房,盖房子给某人住 2、and 前一个“,”号时,98%为并列句,即“,and ” 二、补充讲义P110,P130 做PART 1 (配队题)的方法: 1、做第1题看题干,全文扫读 2、先看全文(跳读全文),再看题干 配队题正常法是变速运动,严禁跳着做题,除非决定放弃。 Homework :另一张卷子;BEC阅读上的所有Part 1;及武大考试中心报BEC发的HANDBOOK后有一套真题,请做并阅读考试说明.
第3课:part 1 & 单项选择题(阅读理解) 一、单项选择题特点:可用时间10分钟,时间一到未做完,即放弃 1.相应题对应相应段(题和文本证据位置相应) Example :补充讲义P37 P38 2.证据难找:程序先1)后2) 1)确定题干关键词 2)在题支中找关键词 3.充分利用反推法(排除法),当2个都很象时,把2个对比。 Homework :单项选择题做完;Test one
第4课 第四、五部分要用题海战术 单项选择题一般都会有关键词,但此关键词一般不会是单词,而是词组或主谓结构。 补充材料P114 P134
补充材料P49 完形填空(六分钟做完):同义词辨析、惯用法(介词辨析) 技巧:1)主观判断第一印象(越改越错) 2)积累用法 3)程序问题 A直接填回,不用先通读全文,与上下文关系不大。 B 词伙关系(搭配关系)做完几题后通读全段。 C 注意个别表示态度的判断词。 填回[O]项,把[O]项(就是EXAMPLE)填回文中,以明确作者态度
Homework :补充材料P64 P116 做P136 TEXT 1 TEXT 2 BEC P5*10篇。
第5课 今日重点句子填回Part Two Skills: 1)scanning :matching 2)sentence structure: sentence completion grammatical correction 3)comparison: recognition of paraphrase multiple choice cloze(做完补充讲义、练习、笔记与专业阅读) 补充材料:P136-137 P45 P60 P112 P132(专业阅读材料P2) Part two考察的能力: 1)指代关系的发现能力coherence recognition(第1句包含某个词与第一句的词要么一样、同义关系、代词与原词关系) 2)主题句、支持句关系的确定能力construction awareness结构性意思问题,第2句与1句无法找到一样,同义、代词与原词关系,但其与本段主题相关。
做题程序: 方法一 1)代入:排除明显无关项(被选句子主语与上句的宾语接不上;被选句谓语的意思与上一句的谓语含义完全无关) 2)通读:会出现似是而非的并列 3)排除法:中心明确;句句关系清楚;代词指代关系无矛盾(选择程序,不是非常必要) 方法二:不具普遍性,只适合某部分同学 1)预测2)确认、选择3)代入4)通读 Homework :PART TWO
第6课 考试 时间分布 part one 10(<13) part two 12 part three 7-8 part four 5 part five 7-8(剩下的时间)
阅读P16 做题程序:先易后难,建议最难part1、part2最做 part 3 part 4 part 5先做,但有缺点,会在考试时没有时间做part1、part2 part 3最耗时 part 4次之
阅读P23-24 补充讲义P51 part 5每句话中都可能含1个多余的词造成语法错误 做题原则: 1、划句子,有句号的地方划斜杠,以句子为单位来找错误,以示其重要性 2、运用主干,分析找错。 可能错的地方: 1)to不定式 either that 2)that关系代词which…… 3)介词,特别动介搭配 4)be动词,being am is are 5)连接词 although but still because as for however etc. 6)must 7)the a 8)代词:one all so 9)比较级 10)主系表、主谓:结构性选择问题,多出现主谓结构的进行题改主系表,即去掉多余的现在分词 窍门:最后不会选择的时候,找7)8)
补充讲义P66 P118 P129 P138 很长的Part Two,,看上2句和下1句,下1句只存在主语是代词时,则以看下句为重点。 1)通读重点,看选入词与下句之间的联系。 2)上句找线索,下句看连贯。 阅读复习重点:模考重要及黄色模考限时做。 BEC2 Speaking听课笔记整理 第1堂课 一、介绍: 1.关于BEC: 1)自2002年以后分为Preliminary ;Vantage ;Higher三种类型 2)成绩分5个,A优秀;B、C算PASS,D、E则表示未通过fail 2.关于口语: 1)口语分3个部分, 2)2个特点:2个考官和2或3个考生 3.6节课的分布: 1)BEC、口语考试介绍;针对发音问题解答;第1部分口语的介绍 2)讲述第1部分分数及应试策略 3)第1部分应试策略结尾及形式介绍 4)第2、3部分的基本商务知识介绍(基本专业词汇) 5)第2部分的应试策略,开始第3部分形式介绍 6)第3部分形式介绍及BEC考试和面试礼仪 4.评估标准: 1)Grammar & vocabulary,商务英语要求简单优雅 ①accurate不发生明显语法、词法错误 ②争“B”不仅准确尽可能使用多样化的词汇、句式表达同一种意思 2)Discourse management ①对某一话题拓展时的连贯性及对题目的相关性 ②time management话题时间,严格控制 3)pronunciation ①clear清晰;stand标准 ②如有节奏感,胜算更大 4) interactive communicate沟通能力(做好的speaker,好的listener) 5.进考场的5“C”原则 1)confident 2)clear用语规范、条理清楚、主次分明、中心明确,减少单字、省略句,多用完整词句,观点明确,切中要害。 3)concise言简意赅、用最少文字表最精确的意思,简单明了,切中重点 4)convincing答案具有合理性。(不得有不规范的身体语言,如吐舌头或摸头等) 5)creative表现自身特点 二、口音:GA美式口音,即General American;RP英式口音,即Received Pronunciation 一)各种发音: 1.独有的“r”,are bird here hair door,所有元音字母组合均可如此读 2.所有|a|→梅花音|a|, half bath pass sample dance calm palm ①元音|a|在|f| |s| | | 或鼻音前发成梅花音|a| ②但后面为“lm”时|a|仍读成|a| 3.| |→|a| cot clock shop box not hot 4.|^| | |→|a| but touch love blood money much 5.|t|→|d|(注意是≈≠),当“t”出现在2个元音之音而重读音节时,读成无限制接近于“d”,而不是“d”的音 city water dirty butter matter better writer pretty example: |t|→|d| Italy attic photograph |t|→|t| Italian attack photography 6.|l|发音时抵住上齿根部,发普通话“了”的音。light local let lake 7.舌边音ball talk tail feel ill school 8.| | | | day they ladder lather dote those word worth dare there dough though 9.|w| |v| wet west while wine vet vest vile vine 10.|l| |m| knife dinner knock no night life dealer lock low light 二)连读及失爆: 连读: 1)1个单词以辅音结尾,另一个以元音开头,则连续。 2)当前1个单词的辅音结尾后1个单词的相同辅音开头,辅音不再发两次,而合成一个音,并把该音延长。 Example: bad dog like candy some money big girl peppermint tea What time is it now? The term ended Am I too late? You can ask later. Turn off the TV please. Keep up the good work. 3)2个元音的连读: ①前1个单词以|i| |e| |ai| |ei|结尾,后1个单词以元音开头,则加|j|发音 be on time stay up pay up day in& day out ②前1个单词以元音|u| |ou| |au|结尾,后1个单词以元音开头,则加|w|发音 flow out grow up 失爆:p b t d k g 后,任何再加一个爆炮音或辅音时,则所有辅音失爆。 Example: lap top great deal good time card board big shoes sweet dream At last at lunch big change 三、口语的三个部分: 重点 一)3分钟,相当于interview,问简单的问题, 1.含暄(greeting)Good afternoon/evening! This is my number……, 2.个人情况,如personal date/present; past; future ,name, age, occupation , character 3.考官说的话:首先考官会问侯、介绍自己, 然后问你的一些情况you are? First name? Surname? Can I have your mark shift? 注:回答问题时1)不能给字,必须给句子,最好是段落。 2)答案特别,分高。 3)必须实现有效交流。 二)6分钟,mini presentation相当于小型演讲(商务话题) 考察考生:组织话题的能力;给出总的信息能力;表达判断意见能力 三)5分钟,discussion计论并决定(2个考生在考官的观察下),要求有一个全局的判断(discuss & decide) 考察考生表达、判断、比较、对比的能力,表达同意或不同意,忌:独占话题 Homework :练发音、名字、及补充讲义P77面
第2堂课 补充阅读材料P77 Part 1:interview ACCOMMODATION : 1. Describe the kind of accommodation your live? I live in the two bed room flat with a toilet and kitchen and other necessary basic for use. It’s warm; cozy; although it very Small, but good enough for family two. 2. Can you say something about the area in which you live ? I live in XUDONG Road ,WUCHANG ,commerce centre area, super market there ,it is comfortable to live .if you know that ,transport is very good ,I travel all the way from XuDong to HANYANG \HANKONG . 3. Do you like your neighbors? I am not too familiar with my neighbors. 4. In the future ,what kind of the accommodation would you like to live in ?Tall building ,if i have a lot of money ,I want to live in house with swimming poor and near the lake . Hometown: 5. Where are you from? I come form WUHAN ,the capital HuBei province ,it is the one of the oldest city in China .The city has more than 3,500years .Many history buildings in our hometown. The place is well known for WuChang Fish, many varieties of inexpensive local dishes &snacks. 6.Where exactly is your hometown? As we know ,which is the politics and control center of Hubei province .it’s known of tourist attractions ,such as Yellow Crane Town, East Lake ,GuiYuan Temple . 7.What is the weather like in your hometown ? 长:It’s not good , but it’s generally very hot in summer ,like about forty degrees centigrade .In winter ,it’s cold about minus five degrees. The spring and Autumn are both mild and pleasant, within temperature rove around 12 or 25 degrees . Oh ,Summer time is extremely humid as well . 短:There are four seasons ,Winter is cold and slowly ,Spring is short and rainy. Summer is hot and humid .Autumn is beautiful . 8.What are the people like in your hometown ? Answer 1:They are usually very friendly and conservative Answer 2:It’s a big hot to say .I guess(suppose) the people are generally pretty, friendly and helpful 9.What is your feeling about your hometown? I don’t think the difference between us with Chinese. The pace of life has become fast. My hometown has be get in prosperous more and more. The people in my hometown are still trendy. 10.Describe your hometown ?Would you recommend if I visit your hometown? Wuhan is thorough fares of 9 provinces and famous for food, Chinese doughnuts ,streamed ,meet buns ,hot& dry noodles, steamed dumplings, wonton , soy bean juice. Wuhan has an history 3,500 years ,and there are a lot of scenic spots in Wuhan. It is rich in water for with 189 lakes .For example: East lake scenic eare is a famous national scenic spot .It is the largest lake in Chinese cityes. Wuhan is often called the native land of white clods & Yellow Crane Town. People in Wuhan are proud of it . The builds in GuiYuan Temple were build in Chin Dynasty. There are good examples of Chinese traditional buildings. Wuhan is composed of three towns ,namely Hankou ,Hanyang ,and Wuchang .Hankou is the commerce center ,Hanyang is the tourist(industry) center . Family : 11.Could you describe your family? My mother is always play MAJIANG with my neighbors .My husband is very sociable \caring \understanding Friend : 12. Education: 13.Would you please give me some information on your education ? I graduated from Hubei University in 2000 with bachelor in the field of 公关文秘. 14.Which university did you graduate from ?I graduated from Hubei University ,Country known university . 15.Do you like your university ?It has academic & political influence. 16.What is your major ?I majored in公关文秘 ,which is the part of 学院名称. 17.Why do you choose your present specialty as your major ?I choose my specially as my major ,simple because I saw extensive occupation . 18.How do you like your major ? I don’t much about it before I study it ,but I grand I choose it ,because it beseem me a lot . Hobby : 12. what is your hobby? Well, what I like most is singing. I began to sing songs when I was very young. My uncle was studying in a college then, so he could sing lots of songs, and he taught me several songs. I showed great interests in the music then, for they were pleasing to ears and easy to sing. My uncle told me they were called pop songs. Liu Ruoyin is my famous singer, Her songs let me comfortable. JOB: the title of your job/the name of your company/like and dislike and why/daily routine 问你职业: What do you do? What’s your occur? What’s your line of business? 问你工作: What do you do exactly? What is your routine work? What is your job? What is your daily duty? Answer: I am a 职业 in 公司. My daily work is to +工作内容
HOMEWORK :补充教材P77-79问题整理
第3堂课 Future plan :1个事业2个生活,即给出3个PLAN AND REASON 1. Do you have a future plan? Of cause .i want to have a kid a year or two .Living in the big house with my family; as white color; work in the tall office building 2. What are you long-range goals? What do you hope to do in the future? What job would you most like to do yourself? Why? What do you see yourself doing in 10 year’s time? About occupation \city\ industry 经典句型: I hope to …….. I would like to …… I intend to …… I am planning to do ……with in 5 years What I want to do is to …… Samples 已工作:1) I hope to demonstrate my ability & talents in Human Resources field adequately. 2) Perhaps an opportunity at a management position would be exciting& then I may use my organizational & planning skills. 学 生:1) I want to spent more time study to broaden my knowledge get a better educational background. 2) I want to travel all around the world. 出国: If I have went abroad flaunt, I will have the flaunt English and have a better knowledge of foreign country. 3. What is the most important thing you would do in the near future? Just only important plan and reason JOB: 1. Which specific skills will you need most in your career? Example :sales English language skills different dialect P.C skills(基本计算机能力word excel PowerPoint) communication skills team building leadership 2. Do you find internet useful for your work or study? Useful. 1) Information resources. I always goes on BaiDu & Google. 2) Connecting people. 3) Strong function communication tool(QQ\Msn\Email)4)Online databases.5)Variety website. 3. Do you think the effect approach of advertising into the internet? 1)It’s hot to say .2)really depends on what kind for you sale limited coverage. 2) Advantage. Concision, easy to update quickly. 4. Do you think all hotels should provide special facilities for business? 1)star-rate hotel small-Inn Youth hostel Motel B&B(bed & breakfast) 2) Internet access/connection Set email—conference call Fax machine photocopier printer scanner projector 5. Do you thin it is an advantage to stay in a large international hotel than a small hotel when they on business? Five-hundred-world-top-company 世界五百強 International hotel: Brand image more convenience diversiform services Small hotel: less convenience cost saving 6.你有上过任何培训机构吗? I have a good friend who taken BEC before ,so he told me a lot about Bec. Part 2 mini presentation 一、presentation 考官发给2个考生2张试题(上有三个TOPIC,考生任选其一回答),准备时间1分钟.回答约120-150字,大约10-12句话,每句话10-15个单词的中长句. 技巧:10秒钟选题,5秒钟写关键词(以单词为单位),3个论点考官会给的2个论点,必须给足论据. 补充材料P79 演讲得A结构为13331,最后的1没有时间可不要.差一点的是12221 即三个分论点用3个句子组成. Example :补充材料P71 二、2个考生相互提问题 一)方法: 1.细节扩展法:用特殊疑问词来询问别人。问题由2个句子组成,前一个是复述别人的观点后一个是具体问题。 2.个人意见法:用一般疑问句来问问题。 Do you think/argue/believe /support . Example : You mention you talk about ……just now 二)技巧: 1.一定要听清楚对方问题再回答。 2.回答问题就是论事(2-4个中等长度句子) Fresh graduate 应届 in the relative field 在相关产业
基本商务知识: Sales(使想买的人购买该产品)& Marketing(品牌的建立): Marketing consent/philosophy 在市场上in the market place 营利机构profitable organization Nonprofit organization非营利性机构(学校、医院、慈善机构) marketing research/conduct→cost\secondary data/primary data→ implement(implementation) 1.sales主要活动: launch marketing promotion introduce products new products demo strict products persuade customers to buy launch campaigns off discount 2. Marketing主要活动: Place advertisement branding top-end customer low-end customer brand positioning mass market niche market brand visibility brand loyalty brand switch brand visualize brand leader market penetration promotion mix 做广告的途径:TV magazine newspaper radio outdoor advertising internet advertising
HOMEWORK :补充教材P80 P71。
Marketing mix 1. 4p: Product (goods/services) price (cost profit roomage) Place (distribution channel) promotion (event package) 2.SWOT: strength weakness opportunity threat Public Relation: Set a good public image Duty: 1. Talk to the press and public 2. Communicate information from the company 3. Give away publicity products 4. Entertaining business clients Establish (develop/create) publish image alter(promote/improve) publish image account department(客户部) :负责公司业务资源的开发与维护 1. In charge of development (maintains)complaints of company business 2. Plan event 3. eternize and understand market 4. Search potential client 5. Pass demands and suggestion from the clients to the company 6. Analyze customer behavior 7. Personality offer/ 8. Anticipate customer wants customer-services(客服部) 1. Dill with customer’s course and solve problem 2. Accept repairs and dill with customer’s complaint 3. Communicate times with customer 4. Offer a comprehass and convince to after-sales services/offer a full professional after-sales service 5. offer training to users(尤其在business to business market) Accounts department会计部 1. Keep accounts 2. Workout budget 3. Dill with all kinds of financial matter Human Resources Department 1. Recruit new staff/applicant interviewee 2. Staff training 3. Promote staff 4. Fire staff/retire staff 5. Dill with relationship between management staff with force 人物性格专用词 :(在第一部分考试中形容家庭成员时可用,也可用在对人力资源对某岗位的要求) Understanding(善解人意) persevere(坚持不懈) motive courteous(有礼貌的) helpful loyal(忠心的) humorous(幽默感的) diplomatic(老练) perceptive(观察入微) determined(坚定的) gracious(亲切的) tactful(圆滑的) energetic(活力) trusting original(有独创精神的) generous(大方的) creative supportive(支持的) trust worthy reliable(可靠的) hard-working(吃苦耐劳) graceful (有上进心的) caring/understand work under press R&D research & Development (研发部) 1. Market research / Product research 2. Design the products 3. Engage in product development (conduct a marketing research) 4. Conduct experiment Product & Development 1. Plant and organize operations 2. Propare operational schedules 3. Schedule projects and dill with mounting Purchasing(采购) 1. Select 供应商 2. Keep discounts of prices and order office surplices 3. Procure materials to operational schedules 4. Perpare perchace orders 5.manage customers relationship and dill with supplies 口语专业书P7 Task Card 10 补充材料P72 Smart clothing正装 product prolific丰富产品组合 purchase capacity购买力 segment细分(segmentation细分市场) Out sourcing to a training company with a famed外包给有名的培训公司 Target market 目标市场 HOMEWORK :专业教材P9 P12
商展 专业口语材料P13 B Reserve a booth预订展台 Presentation, hire a local interpreter. Look for a representive/agent找代理 Collecting information on international market.
P13 C Purpose: Home field feeling increase productivity make a stable progress set a goal Types: In the from of cash training farewell standard quarter of the people 发布方式:approach mail
P14 B Retail 举例:super market(near community), mall, plaza(town downtown) outlet center名牌货批发中心 Length of contract租期
P14 C Attractive 吸引力 brand image easy to produce adoption to local customer Function: contain the product protect 环境问题 environmental friendly 可用,plastic paper
P15 A Loyalty忠诚 hard to work rate打分
P15 B Financial career preference interest Family factors (give birth to baby)
P15 C Customer needs
第六节课:主讲第三部分,讨论并决定问题,考察考生的逻辑能力(标志词)、互动能力、交流能力 本课重点:重要的是mini presentation ,第三部分是在第二部分的基础上;把第三部分形式及真题讲完,备战计划 补充P81 第三部分套话 口语专业资料P19 找对应,把第3部分的内容与第2部分找对应题目。 口语专业资料P20 subject 第1个问题回答 第2个问题回答 TASK 23 1)company culture 2) Orientation program 3) Special skills (p. c. skills etc.) 1)connection with company staff(interaction)welcome dinner/party 2) Familiarity with company facility3) Clothing Task 24 1) Leave 工作年限 2)educational background 文化程度 3) English or Chinese 4) What kind of training it is ? 5) Filed of training basic information of trainer?(how many years for trainer? How many success cases?) Task 25 1)product department 2)marketing department(product presentation) 3)R&D研发基地 4)customer services department 1)workers researcher 2)market sales (car-modern Airbus空客 Boeing波音)
Task 26 1)region retail brand name(connection) 2)retail company(特色) 1)advertising 2)P & R job(establish health image enhance the company brand) Task 27(可举麦德龙、body shop化妆品) 1)top management staff: foreigner 2)common staff: localization 1)courses & discount 2)location(convenience transport near to community customer flow) Task 28 1)working day: company introduction/ product introduction/local restaurant/club/Pups/迪吧/day 1/day 2/day table 2)non-working day: sight seeing visit local interesting place personal habit: hobby religion sex age
Task 29 1)internship实习机会: supporter辅助性(给在校学生就业机会) 2)management trainee position 1) exam basic selection 2)normal HR process Task 30 1)公司类型:先list公司所有人,再说staff who might to work in English situation2)福利added value better position 1)Four times a week次数 2)non office hour(weekend or )/office hour Task 31 1)accommodation(hotel hostel) 2)meal: lunch dinner 3)travel: bus ticket plan ticket etc. 1) work on a project(project basic the work) 2)painting balling/ field work(reason ;encourage ;the team work) 3)rate: team member to invaluation
口语复习: 第一部分:1)用完整句回答2)笔记的内容要牢记question list总结50个,挑着问自己3)回答问题要有主题 第二部分:1)每个观点后要跟例子2)结构:13331递进、举例说明、观点、连接词3)题干给2个观点,自己写1个观点(写5-10篇sample,使记号笔把结构词划出来) 第三部分:discuss 自己编对话 口语评分标准: 1)说话有无grammar错误 2)说话有无多样性 3)discuss management话题组织能力 4)pronunciation 5)interact交际能力(不要强迫别人接受你的观点,不要抢话) 备战方案:分四个月 第一方面:单词量 1)四、六级词汇基础上,背BEC词汇(《剑桥中高级商务英语词汇》 刘君 高元元李远沙 新东方出书,在武大外文书店及省图书出处版城有卖 我爱背单词软件) 2)眼睛、耳朵要熟悉,读听力材料可练口语(早读)3)发音(《语音高级训练》周磊 《美英纠音透析与突破》 邱正正 第二方面:辅导材料 1)《剑桥商务英语辅导教程》 上海交大出版社(上海最好的BEC辅导) 昂立 2)《商务英语全攻略》也叫搞定鬼佬口语速成 不必备考,工作中常用 3)《商务致胜英文书信》 中国外研社 朗文 4)《剑桥商务英语……》 人民邮政电官指定题
备战计划:二十天 1)每天5个小时BEC 十天 2)写一份英文简介(对第1部分有帮助) 3)把书上第2.3部分文字材料整理(编对话,写sample) 4)背诵文字答案 十天 5)对问题清单回答问题(模拟) 六天
娱乐 1)泛听:BBC 2)精听:BEC磁带内容 3)电影:《四个婚礼1个葬礼》《诺丁山》《燃情岁月》《情归巴黎》《指环王1.2.3》《B.J单身日记》《莎忩情史》《哈利波特1.2.3》《傲慢与偏见》《理智与情感》《勇敢的心》 4)上网:http://www.economist.com材料拿来读
面试: 1、衣着:1)西装、袖口、内衣2)衬衣3)黑鞋穿黑袜或深蓝色袜子(禁空白袜或肉色袜)4)不戴领带夹5)身上颜色不要超过3个6)尽量不要染发,长发需扎起来7)不搽或淡香水8)不化或淡妆9)不要做指甲10)不要穿皮裙或吊带背心 2、礼节:敲门;关手机;坐姿自然(看考官鼻子,保持眼神交流)
HOMEWORK :编2-3个对话,自己既做A又做B
BEC2 Writing听课笔记整理 第1节课 一、介绍 一)课程分布: 1)写作基本原则,在商务英语中的重要事项,MEMO 2)note和email 3)letter(business) 4)report 5)总结复习 二)写作拿高分途径: 1)则写大作时,如文中未明确要求,则写作者默认自己为公司中层管理者 2)keep it simple, clear& easy to read 3)平时多写,容易拿高分。 三)Difference between Chinese writing& English writing C.W象竹子,重视meaning(意思) E W象葡萄,重视form(形式)与层次。 四)三种写作的分类: 1)academic writing纯学术写作,尽量把句子写复杂、漂亮 2)specific writing专业写作(会计金融等) 3)working writing工作用的写作,如BEC 考试中BEC写作类型:一般有2篇作文, ①小作文:占分数的10%,要求10分钟写40-50字如(memo\note\e-mail),考察大家表达能力convey the information,平时训练要求限时10-15分钟 ②大作文:占分数的20%,要求30-35分钟写120-140字如(report\letter or propose),考察考生分析能力( analyse & solve the problem)and convey the information 五)BEC写作六大原则: 1.correctness准确 include spelling 1) require要求(强制的口气) enquire询问 request请问,请求(强度于require ~ enquire之间) acquire获得 query疑问 商业中请求的套句:Can I ? we’d like to 等 We require that transshipment is allowed. Can I enquire some information of your products? We’d like to request some samples of your products If you have any queries please contact me as soon as you can. 2)establish建立 stimulate刺激 estimate评价、评估 eliminate消除 imitate模仿 3)receive believe relief撤销 piece 4)credit贷 debit借 creditor债权人 debtor 债务人 heroin海洛因 heeroin女英雄 staff company常作复数 5).grammar Example: The order, for 250 white shirts were(改was) sent on May 1th Our aim is to strenghthen the company and ensuring the growth through investment. 2.clarity清楚、清晰 1)在商业写作中,请尽量少用被动语态(因为显得不积极) √We have sent you the invoice ×The invoice has been sent. 2)句型,慎用(因为语气弱,不积极) ×There are several companies which are qualified to cooperate. √Several companies are qualified to cooperate with us. 3)适当运用副词(尽量不要把副词放在句子中间) Operation cost has become a serious problem, we should control it. √Since operation cost has become a serious problem, we should control it. √Operation cost has become a serious problem, so we should control it. 4)避免语句单调(尽量不要一逗到底) ABC company was founded 40 years ago, and it now has branches in 4 states, and employs nearly 400 employees. √ABC company was founded 40 years ago ,with branches in 4 states, it employs nearly 400 employees. 3.conciseness approximately ==about endeavour ==try assistance==help dispatch==send 4.concreteness ×I am a good/fast typist. √I can type 80 words per minutes. ×Our brake can stop a car within a short distance. √Our brake can stop a 2-ton car within 10 metres. 5.completeness 6.courtesy 注:因商业文件分内部沟通与外部沟通2种,投诉信也需礼貌。 第一课作业:专用教材写作P6
第2节课 二、BEC写作注意事项: 1)不能缩写:cannot√ can’t × I would like √ I’d like × 2)一定要避免全文分点(必须有头有尾,中间部分) 3)SHOULD少用,不礼貌 4)时间表达方式两种: ①顺序date month year中间没有任何符号 Example :1 May 2006 ②顺序month date ,year 在日和年之间加一个”,”号 Example :May 1,2006 三、MEMO的写作: 一)结构: 1、Head : TO : From :suki yu ,name Date : Subject (phrase ) 2、Body: Direct entering & simple ending 3、行距: 1)考试时,段与段之间不空,顶头写 2)平常操作时,段中间为双倍行距,行中间为单倍行距 二)套句:专业写作教材P3 P45 P46 1、开头套句: This is to inform you that I would like to inform (tell ) you that Please be noted that ☆也有不用任何套句,直入主题 2、结尾套句: Thank you for your help Thank you for your cooperation Thank you 3、中间部分: 1)分点重述(retail),有几个题目要求就写几句话。 2)补充完整。 四、NOTE的写作: 1)格式: Head : To :name ,position Date : Body :写作方式等同于MEMO Signature :name /position 专业写作教材P2 P10 五、Short e-mail :行文等同MEMO Example :1-4-7447@sohu. Com .cn Mil 军队 org 集团 com 公司 edu 教育 gov 政府 cn 中国 sig 新加坡
HOMEWORK :补充材料P11-14,另三个MEMO写作作业
第3节课 建议学习计划: 写作:4月初开始动笔写(有真题),考前半个月复习范文、格式,不用再写了 阅读:也需较早开始 推荐专业书;《新剑桥商务英语考试》邮电出版社 剑桥大学英语考试委员会 BEC模拟试题,考前1个月做(应试书) 涉外知识:《进出口贸易实务》会计原理、金融、(范读) 《BEC商务英语词汇宝典》 上海新东方出的 绿色皮
六、信件: 1) Enquiry letter/information letter (product\service\document\quotation) 10% 2) Reply to enquiry letter (重点要语气恰当,内容要一一回复) 35% 3)Complaint letter /bed news letter(语气委婉) 20% 4) Reply to the complaint letter(了解情况、给出解决方案、语气委婉、维护公司利益) 35% 5)Thanks letter 6) Application letter P15专业写作教材 格式:分两种 indented style缩进格式 Full-blocked 顶格式 √考试时所有大小作文均用此格式 写作重点: 1)英语地址与中国截然相反,颠倒过来即可 2)建议考试时用树根体,比较清晰 3)写作速度非常重要 4)考试时用顶格式,段与段中间在实际公司操作中需双倍行距,考试时因卷面有限,仅需单倍即可 5)商务写作中,重要信息放前面,好信息放在坏信息前面。 信的框架:layout of a business letter(ten parts) 1) Sender’s address 2) Date 3) Recipient’s address(收信人地址) 有时可省略 4)salutation( Dear Sir/Madam或具体名字) 5) Body (include introduction details response conclusion) 6) Complimentary close(知道具体名字时用your sincerely 不知道时用yours faithfully) 7)Signature 8) Sender’s name and position 9) end sure 10) CC 重点:BODY 1.enquiry letter(分三段)P18听力专业资料 写作原则:开门见山;脉络清楚;问题不要太多;给别人的帮助表示感谢 1)直接说明写信目的,提出问题(问题不要太多,如果内容比较多,请适当编号) 范本:Could/Can you send us……? Would it be possible for you to ……? Could you give us some ideas/suggestions/information about……? I should appreciate further details about ……? 2)说明写信的原因及所需东西的用途 范本:This company produces a large range of office furniture, and we are interested in using your high class material. 3)致谢 :对收信人所给予的或即将给予的帮助表示感谢。 范文:Thank you advance for your help I would like to express my appreciation for your help in this matter. If I can do anything to help you ,please contact me at any time. 2. Reply to enquiry letter 1)表示感谢:说明来函收悉,包括收函时间和对方所询问内容。 范本:Thank you for your letter/fax of 1 May 2006 enquiry about…… I am pleased to receive your letter of 时间 regarding about…… 2)回答对方问题(具体),加入适当的宣传,促进商业往来(回答不宜太简单,适当加入个人观点) 范本:以下三个范本,语气层层递进 I take great pleasure to send you(回答对方具体问题)…… If it is possible, we would like to arrange a demonstration of our product(更进一步产品介绍)…… We can also offer you a 2.5% discount on payment within 30 days(我们所给的优惠)…… Off sb % discount on payment 3)希望所提供的信息有用并希望对方再次来函。 范文:I hope the information enclosed will be useful to you. I am looking forward to hearing from you. If you have some questions please contact me as soon as possible. We take great pleasure to enclose the detail of catalogues. This company is a well-established and reliable leader in this field. We can offer you better quality and after-sales. If it is possible…… HOMEWORK :听力课本P51页试题9;真题旁边的PART TWO
第4节课 商务写作原则:重点内容前置;信息自行分类;适时编号;bed news以我为主,good news以你为主 一、Complaint letter: Reason: delay of delivery Fault of the goods Mistakes of invoice(bills) or consignment 结构:投诉信分三大部分(专业写作材料P19 ) 第一部分:摆明事实(客观写出收货时间与收货内容) We have just received a consignment of 200 personal computers from your company on 4 July. 第二部分:具体提出投诉(避免语言过激) Fault of goods------On checking the goods, we find that they are of the wrong type Delay of delivery------When we discussed the delivery date, you assured us that you could deliver by 2 May. However, the goods are 2 week’s late. 第三部分:投诉信核心,提出解决方案(态度温和有礼但语气坚决,提出要求要合情合理) 换------We should be grateful if you could replace the wrong types with the correct ones immediately 赔偿------We should be grateful if you could give us a complete refund for the defective products. 投诉------we……if you could give us a special discount on our next order. 第四部分:表明立场(可要可不要,考试中不用) Take up some legal actions. Unless you give us the complete refund I will 二、reply to complaint letter 专业写作材料P23练习题第一题,答案在补充材料P97 第一部分:告诉对方投诉信已收到,表明姿态。 送货退了范本------I refer to your letter of 时间 regarding the 200 personal computers. Thanks you very much for bringing this matter to out attention, we agree with you that delay in delivery is very damaging to your company. 货品质量范本------We agree with you that strict quality control is very important to our company. 第二部分;讲述收到信后所采取的行动。 1)Having checked this matter/ Having checked with……(+sb) 2) We found that……/It is clear that…… 第三段:道歉,补充材料P98经典道歉语句背下来。 范本: 1)I really apologize for …… 2) Please allow me to apologize for …… The inconvenience we have caused. 第四段;提出可能的补偿 换货------We take our customers comments seriously with this in mind ,we are very happy to replace all the wrong types. 打折------As a gesture of our regret, we are very happy to offer you a special discount of 10% on your next order. 例:以专业材料P19页坏消息信息作材料写回复投诉信 I refer to your letter of 时间 regarding the inferiority of our last goods. Thank you for bringing matter to our contention .We are agree with you that strict quality control is very important to our company.
Having checked the sample your sent, it’s clear that the inferiority of shipment is because of our new material supplier(the bed weather or controller) ,now we have changed another supplier(weather or controller ) who will surely give us the better service.
I really apologize for the inconvenience we have caused(brought) and I can assure you that in the future we will do all we can to avoid this error accruing again.
We take our customers comments seriously with this in mind, we are very happy to replace all the forty articles.
What’s more we can offer you’re a special discount of 10% on your next order. 以专业写作材料P42 PART 2为例,写回复投诉信,处理多重问题 Thank you for you letter of 25 June regarding all the NO.B13/4620. So grateful for us …….we are danged to our company.
Having checked this matter is clear we found that the delivery have unfortunately been delayed for several weeks because of the driver’s strike which is out of (beyond) our control and we are happy to replace the 2 damaged desks next week. As an established customer you should indeed received of 10 per cent discount, we will recompose the amended invoice to your immediately what’s more we will also offer 2% discount for the convenience we have brought to you.
I really apologized (sorry) for the inconvenience we have brought you and sincerely apologize on behalf of our company. We are assured that in the future we will try our best to avoid this matter happening again and keep good business relationship between us. HOMEWORK : 推荐《英语学习》杂志期刊
第5节课 习惯数字数;善于编号(同时分段); Business Report: 个人观点 describe the details recommendation, suggestion重点 ,个人观点,最后两段,总结和观点建议 格式:写出四个单词 1)introduction 范本: This report aims to do …… The your pose of the report is to …… This report has the purpose of …… Sample : This report aims to analyze the reasons of the customers’ complaints 2) findings(details/analysis)分析问题,篇幅最大的部分 Sample : As can been seen from the chart…… 3)conclusion Sample : In summary ,it is concluded that…… 4)Recommendation慎重,观点要比较正确,合情合理 专业写作材料P31范例4 补充说明材料P83 分两种:单一描述分析型----BEC初级 对比描述分析型----BEC中级常考 补充材料P90 升:increase rise go up grow 降:decrease reduce decline shrink fall dive 波动:fluctuate change from 平稳发展:remain stable remain unchanged level out/off 1997-1998 small increase / slight increase minor increase / modest increase insignificant increase 1999-2000 Big decrease/sharp decrease enormous decrease dramatical 最高点: 顶点:reach the peak /top/ summit 底点:reach the bottom 1997-1998三种句型 1)主+趋势动词+adv.+time The sale(of our company) increases slightly from 100 in 1997 to 200 in 1998 2) There is a +adj.+n+of+time(客观,无感情色彩) There is a slight increase of our sale from 100 in 1997 to 200 in 1998 3) Time+see/show/witness/indicate+趋势动词+of The year between 1997 to 1998 sees a slight increase of our sale. The year between 1999 to 2000 witness is a great decrease of our sale.
补充材料P84 例 真题P28 1)从图表可以看出从97到99年,中国农民的平均收入增长近500元。 ------As can seen from the chart , from 1997 to 1999, Chinese peasant the eve rate income experienced an increase of 500 Yuan. ------The price of the product in 1997 is 10 Yuan, and fluctuates slightly between 15 and 20 from 02 to 06 2)产品价格在97年是10元,后来在2002到2006年间总在15-20元来回轻微波动。 The price began with 10 Yuan in 1997 and then it experienced an slight fluctuate between 15 yuan and 20 Yuan from 2002 to 2006 3)我公司的利润从2000-2005一直持续增长并于2005年达到顶峰 ,共计2500万美元。 There is a steady increase of our project from 2000 to 2005, and it reached its peak of 2500 dollars in 2005
例 真题P28 Report on customer complaints Introduction: The purpose of the report is to represent the reasons of customer complaints in 2002 Findings: The customer complaint we received in Jan were 300, Then they increase to 540 in Feb., because of the computer system breakdown. In March the number fell to 230, because a improved order system was introduced. From the chart the reasons------were …… Conclusion: 1. 15% of the complaints came from the incorrectly delivered. 2. More than half (50%) of the complaint are because of …… 3. Unsatisfactory product quality represent 25% of all the complaint. So we should take some to improve the customer satisfaction. Recommendation: Based on the analysis above we recommend that it’s important to improve our delivery system and we should try our best to improve of product quality. I suggest all product should see doable cheek before shipping. Introduction :先说A再说B;边说A边说B 技巧:1)审题细致,小作文2-3分钟,大作文5分钟,包括语气、态度等。 2) out line指引行文report中的四个单词 Bey point 3)首句和尾句 There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your chart desire. The other is to get it.
BEC词汇: A abroad adv. 在国外,出国,广泛流传 absence n. 缺席,离开 absent adj. 不在,不参与 absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工,旷职 absorb v. 吸收,减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响 abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近(或进入)的机会,享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施,住宿 account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作 accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目 account for 解释,说明 account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理 *accruals n. 增值,应计 achieve v. 获得或达到,实现,完成 acknowledge v. 承认,告知已收到(某物),承认某人 acquire v. 获得,得到 *acquisition n. 收购,被收购的公司或股份 acting adj. 代理的 activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的,实际的,确实的 adapt v. 修改,适应 adjust v. 整理,使适应 administration n. 实施,经营,行政 administer v. 管理,实施 adopt v. 采纳,批准,挑选某人作候选人 advertise v. 公布,做广告 ad n. 做广告,登广告 advertisement n. 出公告,做广告 advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务 agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人,经纪人 allocate v. 分配,配给 amalgamation n. 合并,重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望,野心 *amortise v. 摊还 analyse v 分析,研究 analysis n. 分析,分析结果的报告 analyst n. 分析家,化验员 annual adj. 每年的,按年度计算的 annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会 anticipate v. 期望 anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力 apply v. 申请,请求;应用,运用 applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请,施用,实施 appointee n. 被任命人 appraisal n. 估量,估价 appreciate v. 赏识,体谅,增值 *appropriate v. 拨出(款项) approve v. 赞成,同意,批准 aptitude n. 天资,才能 *arbitrage n. 套利 arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐 assemble v. 收集,集合 assembly-line n. 装配线,流水作业线 assess v. 评定,估价 asset n. 资产 current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产 frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产 liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产 assist v. 援助,协助,出席 audit n. 查账,审计 automate v. 使某事物自动操作 average n. 平均,平均水准 awareness n. 意识;警觉 B backing n. 财务支持,赞助 backhander n. 贿赂 *backlog n. 积压(工作或订货) bad debt 死账(无法收回的欠款) balance n. 收支差额,余额 balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额 balance sheet n. 资产负债表 bankrupt adj. 破产的 bankruptcy n. 破产 bank statement n. 银行结算清单(给帐户的),银行对账单 bar chart n. 条形图,柱状图 bargain v. 谈判,讲价 base n. 基地,根据地 batch n. 一批,一组,一群 batch production 批量生产 bear market n. 熊市 beat v. 超过,胜过 behave v. 表现,运转 behaviour n. 举止,行为,运转情况 below-the-line advertising 线下广告,尚未被付款的广告 benchmark n. 衡量标准 benefit n. 利益,补助金,保险金得益 fringe benefits n. 附加福利 sickness benefit n. 疾病补助费 bid n. 出价,投标 takeover bid n. 盘进(一个公司)的出价 bill n. 账单,票据 billboard n. (路边)广告牌,招贴板 black adj. 违法的 in the black 有盈余,贷方 black list 黑名单,禁止贸易的(货物、公司及个人)名单 black Monday n. 黑色星期一,指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子 blue chips n. 蓝筹股,绩优股 blue-collar adj. 蓝领(工人)的 Board of Directors n. 董事会 Bond n. 债券 bonus n. 津贴,红利 books n. 公司帐目 book value n. 账面价值,(公司或股票)净值 bookkeeper n. 簿记员,记帐人 boom n. 繁荣,暴涨 boost v. 提高,增加,宣扬 bottleneck n. 瓶颈,窄路,阻碍 bottom adj. 最后的,根本的 v. 到达底部,建立基础 bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回 brainstorm n./v. 点子会议,献计献策, 头脑风暴 branch n. 分支,分部 brand n. 商标,品牌 brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌,名牌 brand loyalty n. (消费者)对品牌的忠实 break even v. 收支相抵,不亏不盈 break even point 收支相抵点, 盈亏平衡点 breakthrough n. 突破 brief n. 摘要 brochure n. 小册子 broker n. 经纪人,代理人 bull market 牛市 budget n. 预算 bulk n. 大量(货物) adj. 大量的 bust adj. 破了产的 buyout n. 买下全部产权 C CAD(=Computer Aided Design) n. 计算机辅助设计 call n. 打电话 call on v. 呼吁,约请,拜访 campaign n. 战役,运动 candidate n. 求职者,候选人 canteen n. 食堂 canvass v. 征求意见,劝说 capacity n. 生产额,(最大)产量 caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明 capital n. 资本,资金 capture v. 赢得 cash n. 现金,现付款 v. 兑现 cash flow n. 现金流量 case study n. 案例分析 catalogue n. 目录,产品目录 catastrophe n. 大灾难,大祸 CEO n. Chief Executive Officer(美)总经理 chain n. 连锁店 challenger n. 挑战者 channel n. (商品流通的)渠道 charge n. 使承担,要(价),把……记入(账册等) chart n. 图表 checkout n. 付款台 chief adj. 主要的,首席的,总的 CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费 circular n. 传阅的小册子(传单等) circulate v. 传阅 claim n./v. 要求,索赔 client n. 委托人,顾客 cold adj. 没人找上门来的,生意清淡的 commercialise v. 使商品化 commission n. 佣金 *commitment n. 承诺 commodity n. 商品,货物 company n. 公司 limited (liability) company (ltd.) 股份有限公司 public limited company (plc) n. 股票上市公司 compensate v. 补偿,酬报 compensation n. 补偿,酬金 compete v. 比赛,竞争 competition n. 比赛,竞争 competitor n. 竞争者,对手 competitive adj. 竞争性的 component n. 机器元件、组件、部件,部分 concentrated marketing n. 集中营销策略 condition n. 条件,状况 *configuration n. 设备的结构、组合 conflict n. 冲突,争论 *conglomerate n. 综合商社,多元化集团公司 *consolidate v. 帐目合并 *consortium n. 财团 constant adj. 恒定的,不断的,经常的 consultant n. 咨询人员,顾问,会诊医生 consumables n. 消耗品 consumer durables n. 耐用消费品(如:洗衣机) consumer goods n. 消费品,生活资料 *contingency n. 意外事件 continuum n. 连续时间 contract n. 合同,契约 contractor n. 承办商,承建人 contribute v. 提供,捐献 contribution n. 贡献,捐献,税 conversion n. 改装,改造 conveyor n. 运送,传递,转让 core time n. (弹性工作制的)基本上班时间(员工于此段时间必须上班,弹性只对除此以外的时间有效) cost n. 成本 fixed costs 固定成本 running costs 日常管理费用 variable costs 可变成本 cost-effective adj. 合算的,有效益的 costing n. 成本计算,成本会计 credit n. 赊购,赊购制度 credit control 赊销管理(检查顾客及时付款的体系) letter of credit 信用证 credit limit 赊销限额 credit rating 信贷的信用等级,信誉评价 creditor n. 债权人,贷方 *creditworthiness n. 信贷价值,信贷信用 crisis n. 危机,转折点 critical adj. 关键的 *critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法 currency n. 货币,流通 current adj. 通用的,现行的 Current account 往来帐户,活期(存款)户 current assets n. 流动资产 current liabilities n. 流动负债 customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造(或改造等);顾客化 cut-throat adj. 残酷的,激烈的 cut-price a. 削价(出售)的 CV(=curriculum vitae) n. 简历,履历 *cycle time n. 循环时间 D damages n. 损害,损失 deadline n. 最后期限 deal n. 营业协议,数量 v. 交易 dealer n. 商人 debit n. 借方,欠的钱 v. 记入帐户的借方 debt n. 欠款,债务 to get into debt 负债 to be out of debt 不欠债 to pay off a debt 还清债务 debtor n. 债务人 aged debtors 长期债务人 declare v. 申报,声明 decline n./v. 衰退,缓慢,下降 decrease v. 减少 deduct v. 扣除,减去 default n. 违约,未履行 defect n. 缺陷 defective adj. 有缺点的 defer v. 推迟 deferred payments n. 延期支付 deficit n. 赤字 delivery cycle n. 交货周期 *demand management n. 需求规化 demotivated adj. 消极的,冷谈的 deposit n. 储蓄,预付(定金) depot n. 仓库 depreciate v. 贬值,(对资产)折旧 depressing adj. 令人沮丧的 deputy n. 代理人,副职,代理 devalue v. 货币贬值(相对于其它货币) diet n. 饮食,食物,特种饮食 differentiation n. 区分,鉴别 dimensions n. 尺寸,面积,规模 direct v 管理,指导 director n. 经理,主管 Managing Director n. 总经理 direct cost n. 直接成本 direct mail n. (商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的)直接邮件 direct selling n. 直销,直接销售 directory n. 指南,号码簿 discount n. 折扣,贴现 dismiss v. 让……离开,打发走 dismissal n. 打发走 dispatch n./v. 调遣 display n./v. 展出,显示 dispose v. 安排,处理(事务) dispose of 去掉,清除 distribution n. 分配,分发,分送产品 *diversify v. 从事多种经营;多样化 divest v. 剥夺 dividend n. 股息,红利,年息 division n. 部门 *dog n. 滞销品 down-market a./ad. 低档商品的 *down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期 DP(=Data Processing) n. 计算机数据处理,计算机数据处理部门 dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 drive n. 积极性,能动性 due adj. 应付的,预期的 dynamic adj. 有活力的 E earnings n. 工资 efficiency n. 效率 endorse v. 背书,接受 engage v. 雇用 entitle v. 授权 entitlement n. 应得的权利 holiday entitlement n. 休假权 equity n. 股东权益 equity capital n. 股本 equities 普通股,股票 estimated demand n. 估计需求 evaluate v. 估价,评价 eventual adj. 最终的 exaggerate v. 夸张 exceed v. 超过 exhibit n. 展览,表现 expenditure n. 花费,支出额 expense n. 费用,支出 expense account n. 费用帐户 expenses n. 费用,业务津贴 expertise n. 专长,专门知识和技能 *exposure n. 公众对某一产品或公司的知悉;广告所达到的观众总数 F facilities n. 用于生产的设备、器材 facilities layout n. 设备的布局规化、计划 facilities location n. 设备安置 *factoring n. 折价购买债券 *fail-safe system n. 安全系统 feasibility study n. 可行性研究 feedback n. 反馈,反馈的信息 field n. 办公室外边,具体业务 file n. 文件集,卷宗,档案,文件 v. 把文件(或资料)归档 fill v. 充任 finance n. 资金,财政 v. 提供资金 financial adj. 财政的 financing n. 提供资金,筹借资金 finished goods n. 制成品 firm n. 公司 fire v. 解雇 fix v. 确定,使固定在 fix up v. 解决,商妥 fiscal adj. 国库的,财政的 *flagship n. 同类中最成功的商品,佼佼者 flexible adj. 有弹性的,灵活的 flextime n. 弹性工作时间制 flier(=flyer) n. 促销传单 float v. 发行股票 flop n. 失败 flow shop n. 车间 fluctuate v. 波动,涨落,起伏 FOB, f.o.b n. 离岸价 *follow-up n. 细节落实,接连要做的事 forecast v. 预测 four P's 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTION framework n. 框架,结构 *franchise n. 特许经销权 v. 特许经销,给予特许经销权 franchisee n. 特许经营人 franchiser n. 授予特许经营权者 fraud n. 欺骗 *freebie n. (非正式的)赠品,免费促销的商品 freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者(的) funds n. 资金,基金 futures n. 期货交易 G gap n. 缺口,空隙 *gearing n. 配称(即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率) *gimmick n. 好主意,好点子 goal n. 目标 going adj. 进行的,运转中的 going rate n. 产品的市场价格 goods n. 货物,商品 goodwill n. 声誉 *go public v. 首次公开发行股票 grapple with v. 与……搏斗,尽力解决 grievance n. 申诉,抱怨 gross adj. 总的,毛的 gross margin n. 毛利率 gross profit n. 毛利 gross yield n. 毛收益 gradually adv. 逐渐地 group n. (由若干公司联合而成的)集团 grow v. 增长,扩大 growth n. 增长,发展 guarantee n. 保证,保单 guidelines n. 指导方针,准则 H hand in v. 呈送 hand in one's notice 递交辞呈 handle v. 经营 *hands on adj. 有直接经验的 hard sell n. 强行推销 hazard n. 危险,危害行为 head n. 主管,负责 health and safety n. 健康和安全 *hedge n. 套期保值 hidden adj. 隐藏的,不明显的 hierarchy n. 等级制度,统治集团,领导层 hire v. 雇用 hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法 hit v. 击中,到达 holder n. 持有者 holding company n. 控股公司 hostile adj. 不友好的,恶意的 HRD n. 人力资源发展部 human resources n. 人力资源 *hype n. 天花乱坠的(夸张)广告宣传 I impact n. 冲击,强烈影响 implement v. 实施,执行 implication n 隐含意义 incentive n. 刺激;鼓励 income n. 工资或薪金收入,经营或投资的收入 earned income 劳动收入,劳动所得 unearned income 非劳动收入,投资所得 increment v. 定期增加 incur v 招致,承担 *indemnity n. 偿还,赔偿 index n. 指数,索引 retail price index 零售价格指数 indirect costs n. 间接成本 induction n. 就职 industrial adj. 工业的 industrial action n. (罢工、怠工等)劳工行动 industrial relations n. 劳资关系 inefficiency n. 低效率,不称职 inflate v. 抬高(物价),使通货等)膨胀 inflation n. 通货膨胀 *infringe v. 违法,违章 initial adj. 初步的 innovate v. 革新 input n. 投入 insolvent adj. 无清偿力的 installment n. 部分,分期付款 insure v. 给……保险,投保 insurance n. 保险 interest n. 利息,兴趣 interest rate n. 利率 interim n. 中期,过渡期间 intermittent production n. 阶段性生产 interview n./v. 面试 interviewee n. 被面试的人 interviewer n. 主持面试的人,招聘者 introduce v. 介绍,提出 *inventory n. 库存 buffer inventory n. 用于应付突发性需求的存货 capacity inventory n. 用于将来某时使用的存货 cycle inventory n. 循环盘存 decoupling inventory n. 保险性存货(以应付万一) finished goods inventory n. 制成品存货(盘存) pipeline inventory n. 在途存货 raw materials inventory n. 原材料存货 work-in-progress inventory n. 在制品盘存(存货) invest v. 投资 investment n. 投资 investor n. 投资者 invoice n. 发票 v. 给(某人)开发票 irrevocable adj. 不可撤消的,不能改变的 issue n. 发行股票 * rights issue n. 优先认股权 IT=Information Technology 信息技术 item n. 货物,条目,条款 J job n. 工作 job description 工作说明,职务说明 *job lot n. 一次生产的部分或少数产品 job mobility 工作流动 job rotation 工作轮换 job satisfaction 工作的满意感(自豪感) *job shop n. 专门车间 jobbing n. 为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度 joint adj. 联合的 joint bank account (几个人的)联合银行存款帐户 journal n. 专业杂志 *jurisdiction n. 管辖(权) junk bonds n. 低档(风险)债券,垃圾债券 junk mail n. (未经收信人要求的)直接邮寄的广告宣传 *just-in-time n. 无库存制度 K key adj. 主要的,关键的 knockdown adj. (价格)很低的 know-how n. 专门技术 L label n. 标签,标牌 v. 加标签,加上标牌 labour n. 劳动,工作,劳动力 labour market 劳动力市场 labour relations 劳资关系 labour shortage 劳动力短缺 *launch v. 在市场推出一种新产品 n. 新产品的推出 lay-off/layoff n./v. 临时解雇 layout n. 工厂的布局 lead v. 领先,领导 lead time n. 完成某项活动所需的时间 leaflet n. 广告印刷传单 lease n. 租借,租赁物 legal adj. 合法的 lend v. 出借,贷款 lessee n. 承租人 lessor n. 出租人 *ledger n. 分类帐 nominal ledger n. 记名帐 purchase ledger n. 进货 sales ledger n. 销货帐 *leverage n. 杠杆比率 liability n. 负债 liabilities n. 债务 licence(US: license) n. 许可证 license v. 许可,批准 life cycle n. 寿命周期 likely adj. 可能的 *line process 流水线(组装) link n. 关系,联系,环 liquid adj. 易转换成现款的 liquidate v. 清算 *liquidity n. 拥有变现力 liquidation n. 清理(关闭公司),清算 liquidator n. 清算人,公司资产清理人 listed adj. 登记注册的 listing n. 上市公司名录 literature n. (产品说明书之类的)印刷品,宣传品 litigate v. 提出诉讼 loan n./v. 贷款,暂借 logo n. 企业的特有标记 lose v. 亏损 loser n. 失败者 loss n. 损失 lot n. 批,量 loyalty n. 忠诚,忠实 M magazine n. 杂志,期刊 mailshot n. 邮购 maintain v. 维持,保持 maintenance n. 维持,坚持 major adj. 重大的,主要的,较大的 majority shareholding 绝对控股 make n. 产品的牌子或型号 make-to-order adj. 根据订货而生产的产品 make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品 management n. 管理,管理部门 middle management n. 中层管理人员 senior management n. 高层管理人员 managerial adj. 管理人员的,管理方面的 manager n. 经理 plant manager n. 工厂负责人 line manager n. 基层负责人 staff manager n. 部门经理助理 management accounts n. 管理帐目 matrix management n. 矩阵管理 *management information system(MIS) n. 管理信息系统 manning n. 人员配备 manpower n. 劳动力 manpower resources n. 劳动力资源 manual adj. 体力的,人工的,蓝领的 manufacture v. (用机器)制造 manufacturer n. 制造者(厂、商、公司) manufacturing adj. 制造的 manufacturing industry 制造业 margin n. 利润 gross margin n. 毛利率 net margin n. 净利润 mark-up v. 标高售价,加价 market n. 市场;产品可能的销量 down market adv./adj. 低档商品/地的 up market adj./adv. 高档商品的/地 marketing mix n. 综合营销策略,指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合 market leader n. 市场上的主导公司 *market niche n. 小摊位,专业市场的一个小部分 market penetration n. 市场渗入 market segmentation 市场划分 market share n. 市场占有率,市场份额 *mass-marketing n. 大众营销术 *master production schedule n. 主要生产计划 *material requirements planning(MRP) n. 计算生产中所需材料的方法 *materials handling n. 材料管理,材料控制 maximise v. 使增至最大限度、最大化 measure n. 措施,步骤 media n. 新闻工具,传媒 mass media 大众传媒(如电视、广播、报纸等) merchandising n. (在商店中)通过对商品的摆放与促销进行经营 merge v. 联合,合并 merger n. (公司,企业等的)合并 merit n. 优点,值得,应受 method study n. 方法研究 middleman n. 中间人,经纪人 full milk n. 全脂牛奶 skimmed milk n. 脱脂乳 minimise v. 使减至最小限度,最小化 *mission n. 公司的长期目标和原则 mobility n. 流动性,可移性 moderately adv. 中等地,适度地 monopoly n. 垄断,独占 mortgage n./v. 抵押 motivate v. 激励,激发……的积极性 motivated adj. 有积极性的 motivation n. 提供动机,积极性,动力 motive n. 动机 N negotiate v. 谈判 negotiable adj. 可谈判的,可转让的 net adj. 净的,纯的 network n. 网络 *niche n. 专业市场中的小摊位 notice n. 通知,辞职申请,离职通知 O objective n. 目标,目的 obsolete adj. 过时的,淘汰的,废弃的 offer n. 报价,发盘 offer v. 开价 off-season adj./adv. 淡季的 off-the-shelf adj. 非专门设计的 off-the-peg adj. 标准的,非顾客化的 opening n. 空位 operate v. 操作,经营,管理 operating profits 营业利润 *operations chart n. 经营(管理)表 *operations scheduling n. 生产经营进度表 opportunity n. 机会 *optimize v. 优化 option n. 选择权 share option n. 期权 organigram n. 组织图 organisation chart n. 公司组织机构图 orient v. 定向,指引 orientation n. 倾向,方向;熟悉,介绍情况 outcome n. 结果 outlay n. 开销,支出,费用 *outlet n. 商店 a retail outlet 零售店 outgoings n. 开支,开销 outlined adj. 概括,勾勒的草图 output n. 产量 *outsource v. 外购产品或由外单位制做产品 outstanding adj. 未付款的,应收的 over-demand n. 求过于供 overdraft n. 透支 overdraft facility 透支限额 overdraw v. 透支 *overhead costs n. 营业成本 *overheads n. 企业一般管理费用 overpay n. 多付(款) overtime n. 加班 overview n. 概述,概观 owe v. 欠钱,应付 P p.a.(=per annum) n. 每年 packaging n. 包装物;包装 parent company n. 母公司,总公司 part-time adj. 部分时间工作的,业余的 participate v. 参加,分享 (in) partnership n. 合伙(关系),合伙,合伙企业 patent n. 专利 pay n. 工资,酬金 v. 付钱,付报酬 take-home pay 实得工资 payroll n. 雇员名单,工资表 peak n. 峰值,顶点 penetrate v. 渗透,打入(市场) penetration n. 目标市场的占有份额 pension n. 养老金,退休金 perform v. 表现,执行 performance n. 进行,表现工作情况 performance appraisal n. 工作情况评估 perk n. 额外待遇(交通、保健、保险等) personnel n. 员工,人员 *petty cash n. 零用现金 phase out n. 分阶段停止使用 *pick v. 提取生产用零部件或给顾客发货 * picking list n. 用于择取生产或运输订货的表格 pie chart n. 饼形图 pilot n. 小规模试验 pipeline n. 管道,渠道 plant capacity n. 生产规模,生产能力 plot v. 标绘,策划 *plough back n. 将获利进行再投资 * point of sale (POS) n. 销售点 policy n. 政策,规定, 保险单 *portfolio n. (投资)组合 *portfolio management n. 组合证券管理 post n. 邮件,邮局;职位 position n. 职位 potential n. 潜在力,潜势 power n. 能力 purchasing power 购买力 PR=Public Relations 公共关系 *preference shares n. 优先股 price n. 价格 market price 市场价,市价 retail price 零售价 probation n. 试用期 product n. 产品 production cycle n. 生产周期 production schedule n. 生产计划 product life cycle n. 产品生命周期 product mix n. 产品组合(种类和数量的组合) productive adj. 生产的,多产的 *profile n. 简介形象特征 profit n. 利润 operating profit n. 营业利润 profit and loss account n. 损益帐户 project v. 预测 promote v . 推销 promotion n. 提升,升级 proposal n. 建议,计划 prospect n. 预期,展望 prospectus n. 计划书,说明书 prosperity n. 繁荣,兴隆 prototype n. 原型,样品 *publicity n. 引起公众注意 public adj. 公众的,公开的 go public 上市 public sector 公有企业 publicity n. 公开场合,名声,宣传 publics n. 公众,(有共同兴趣的)一群人或社会人士 punctual adj. 准时的 punctuality n. 准时 purchase v. & n. 购买 purchaser n. 买主,采购人 Q QC(=Quality Circle) n. 质检人员 qualify v. 有资格,胜任 qualified adj. 有资格的,胜任的,合格的 qualification n. 资格,资格证明 quality n. 质量 quality assurance n. 质量保证 quality control 质量控制,质量管理 quarterly adj./adv. 季度的,按季度 questionnaire n. 调查表,问卷 quote n. 报价,股票牌价 quotation n. 报价,股票牌价 R R&D Research and Development 研究与开发 radically adv. 根本地,彻底地 raise n. (美)增加薪金 v. 增加,提高;提出,引起 range n. 系列产品 rank n./v. 排名 rapport n. 密切的关系,轻松愉快的气氛 rate n. 比率,费用 fixed rate 固定费用,固定汇率 going rate 现行利率,现行汇率 rating 评定结果 ratio n. 比率 rationalise v. 使更有效,使更合理 raw adj. 原料状态的,未加工的 raw material n. 原材料 receive v. 得到 receipt n. 收据 receiver n. 接管人,清算人 accounts receivable 应收帐 receivership n. 破产管理 recession n. 萧条 reckon v. 估算,认为 recognise v. 承认 reconcile v. 使……相吻合,核对,调和 recoup v. 扣除,赔偿 recover v. 重新获得,恢复 recovery n. 重获,恢复 recruit v. 招聘,征募 n. 新招收的人员 recruitment n. 新成员的吸收 red n. 红色 in the red 赤字,负债 reduce v. 减少 reduction n. 减少 redundant adj. 过多的,被解雇的 redundancy n. 裁员,解雇 reference n. 参考,参考资料 reference number (Ref. No.) 产品的参考号码 refund n./v. 归还,偿还 region n. 地区 *reimburse v. 偿还,报销 reject n./v. 拒绝 reliability n. 可靠性 relief n. 减轻,解除,救济 relocate v. 调动,重新安置 remuneration n. 酬报,酬金 rent v. 租 n. 租金 rep (代表)的缩写 report to v. 低于(某人),隶属,从属 reposition v. (为商品)重新定位 represent v. 代表,代理 representative n. 代理人,代表 reputation n. 名声,声望 reputable adj. 名声/名誉好的 reserves n. 储量金,准备金 resign v. 放弃,辞去 resignation n. 辞职 resistance n. 阻力,抵触情绪 respond v. 回答,答复 response n. 回答,答复 restore v. 恢复 result/results n. 结果,效果 retail n./v. 零售 retailer n. 零售商 *retained earnings n. 留存收益 retire v. 退休 retirement n. 退休 return n. 投资报酬 *return on investment (ROI) n. 投资收入,投资报酬 revenue n. 岁入,税收 review v./n. 检查 reward n./v. 报答,报酬,奖赏 *rework v. (因劣质而)重作 risk capital n. 风险资本 rival n. 竞争者,对手 adj. 竞争的 rocket v. 急速上升,直线上升,飞升 ROI Return on Investment 投资利润 roughly adv. 粗略地 round adj. 整数表示的,大约 round trip 往返的行程 royalty n. 特许权,专利权税 run v. 管理,经营 running adj. 运转的 S sack v. 解雇 sales force 销售人员 sample n. 样品 v. 试验;抽样检验 *saturation n. (市场的)饱和(状态) saturate v. 饱和 save v. 节省,储蓄 savings n. 存款 scale n. 刻度,层次 scapegoat n. 替罪羊 scare adj. 缺乏的,不足的 *scrap n. 废料或废品 seasonal adj. 季节性的 section n. 部门 sector n. 部门 *securities n. 债券及有价证券 segment n. 部分 v. 将市场划分成不同的部分 segmentation n. 将市场划分成不同的部门 semi-skilled adj. 半熟练的 settle v. 解决,决定 settlement n. 解决,清偿,支付 service n. 服务,帮佣 services n. 专业服务 settle v. 安排,支付 set up v. 创立 share n. 股份 shareholder n. 股东 *shelf-life n. 货架期(商品可以陈列在货架上的时间) shift n. 轮班 showroom n. 陈列室 simulation n. 模拟 shop n. 商店 closed shop 限制行业(只允许本工会会员) open shop 开放行业(非会员可从事的工作) shop steward 工会管事 shopfloor 生产场所 shortlist n. ……供最后选择的候选人名单 v. 把……列入最后的候选人名单 sick adj. 病的 sick leave 病假 sick note 病假条 sick pay 病假工资 sickness 生病 skill n. 技能,熟巧 skilled employee n. 熟练工人 *skimming n. 高额定价,撇奶油式定价 slogan n. 销售口号 slump n. 暴跌 a slump in sales 销售暴跌 soft-sell n. 劝诱销售(术),软销售(手段) software n. 软件 sole adj. 仅有的,单独的 sole distributor 独家分销商 solvent adj. 有偿付能力的 *sourcing n. 得到供货 spare part n. 零部件 specification n. 产品说明 split v. 分离 spokesman n. 发言人 sponsor n. 赞助者(为了商品的广告宣传) spread n. (股票买价和卖价的)差额 stable adj. 稳定的 staff n. 职员 stag n. 投机认股者 v. 炒买炒卖 stagnant adj. 停滞的,萧条的 *statute n. 成文法 statutory adj. 法定的 steadily adv. 稳定地,平稳地 stock n. 库存,股票 stock exchange n. 证券交易所 *stockbroker n. 股票经纪人 stock controller 库房管理者 storage n. 贮藏,库存量 strategy n. 战略 *streamline v. 精简机构,提高效率 stress n. 压力,紧迫 strike n. 罢工 structure n. 结构,设备 *subcontract v. 分包(工程项目),转包 subordinate n. 下级 adj. 下级的 subscribe v. 认购 subsidiary n. 子公司 subsidise v. 补贴,资助 subsidy n. 补助金 substantially adv. 大量地,大幅度地 summarise v. 概括,总结 superior n. 上级,长官 supervisor n. 监督人,管理人 supervisory adj. 监督的,管理的 supply n./v. 供给,提供 survey n 调查 *SWOT analysis n. SWOT分析是分析一个公司或一个项目的优点、弱点、机会和风险*synergy n. 协作 T tactic n. 战术,兵法 tailor v. 特制产品 tailor made products 特制产品 take on 雇用 takeover n. 接管 target n. 目标 v. 把……作为目标 tariff n. 关税;价目表 task n. 任务,工作 task force n. 突击队,攻关小队(为完成某项任务而在一起的一组人) tax n. 税,税金 capital gains tax n. 资本收益税 corporation tax n. 公司税,法人税 income tax n. 所得税 value added tax 增值税 tax allowance 免减税 tax avoidance 避税 taxable 可征税的 taxation 征税 tax-deductible 在计算所得税时予以扣除的 telesales n. 电话销售,电话售货 temporary adj. 暂时的 temporary post 临时职位 tender n./v. 投标 territory n. (销售)区域 tie n. 关系,联系 throughput n. 工厂的总产量 TQC(=Total Quality Control) n. 全面质量管理 *track record n. 追踪记录,业绩 trade n./v. 商业,生意;交易,经商 balance of trade 贸易平衡 trading profit 贸易利润 insider trading 内部交易 trade mark 商标 trade union 工会 trainee n. 受培训者 *transaction n. 交易,业务 transfer n./v. 传输,转让 *transformation n. 加工 transparency n. (投影用)透明胶片 treasurer n. 司库,掌管财务的人 *treasury n. 国库,财政部 trend n. 趋势,时尚 *trouble-shooting n. 解决问题 turnover n. 营业额,员工流动的比率 staff turnover 人员换手率 stock turnover 股票换手率 U undertake v. 从事、同意做某事 undifferentiated marketing n. 无差异性营销策略 uneconomical adj. 不经济的,浪费 unemployment n. 失业 unemployment benefit n. 失业津贴 unit n. 单位 unit cost n. 单位成本 update v. 使现代化 up to date adj./adv. 流行的,现行的,时髦的 upgrade v. 升级,增加 upturn n. 使向上,使朝上 USP 唯一的销售计划 V vacancy n. 空缺 vacant adj. 空缺的 value n./v. 价值,估价 valuation n. 价值 value-added n. 增加值 variable n. 可变物 variation n. 变化,变更 variety n. 多样化 a variety of 多种多样的 vary v. 改变,修改 VAT Value Added Tax 增值税 vendor n. 卖主(公司或个人) venture n. 冒险,投机 venue n. 地点,集合地点 viable adj. 可行的 viability n. 可行性 vision n. 设想,公司的长期目标 vocation n. 行业,职业 vocational adj. 行业的,职业的 W wage n. (周)工资 wage freeze n. 工资冻结 warehouse n. 仓库,货栈 wealth n. 财富,资源 wealthy adj. 富裕的,丰富的 welfare n. 福利 white-collar 白领阶层 white goods n. 如冰箱和洗衣机等用在厨房中的产品 wholesale n./adj./adv. 批发 wholesaler 批发商 *wind up v. 关闭公司 withdraw v. 拿走,收回,退出 withdrawal n. 拿走,收回,退出 wholesale n./a. 批发;批发的 wholesaler n. 批发商 work n. 工作 working conditions n. 工作条件 work-in-progress n. 工作过程 workload n. 工作量 work order n. (包括原料、半成品、成品的)全部存货总量 work station 工作位置 *working capital n. 营运资本,营运资金 write off v. 取消 write-off n. 债务的取消 Y *yield n. 有效产量 Z *zero defect n. 合格产品 *zero inventory n. 零存货 |
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